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Objective@#To develop the Evaluation Sacle for the Comprehensive Ability of HIV/AIDS prevention among Chinese Young Students(hereinafter referred to as the Evaluation Scale).@*Methods@#The Evaluation Scale was preliminarily developed according to standardized preparation procedures of the scales. Firstly, the item pool of the Evaluation Scale was established via literature review and group discussions, and based on the Fourteen Core knowledge of young students HIV/AIDS prevention and control formulated by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Secondly, the Evaluation Scale was preliminarily formed via using the Delphi method to select items.@*Results@#The Evaluation Scale with 85 items was finally formed including four vertical dimensions of knowledge, attitude, behavior and skills and four horizontal dimensions of hazard, prevention, detection and treatment, laws and regulations via literature research, group discussion and two rounds of Delphi method.@*Conclusion@#The Evaluation Scale developed in this paper is scientific and reasonable for constructing is assumed to be a scientific and reasonable proxy tool for the evaluation of the comprehensive ability of young students to prevent AIDS. It can be used for AIDS prevention education or effect assessment before and after intervention.
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Objective@#To identify the characteristics of social network and the association between ego-centric network and HIV status among young MSM Chinese students.@*Methods@#The cross-sectional study was conducted in Chongqing, Tianjin, Harbin and Xi an city from April to December 2017 and from March to May 2018. A mixed recruitment method of snowball sampling and RDS approach was used to recruit participants who reported information on social network and received HIV test. The Multiple Regression Analysis method was used to for the analysis of association between ego-centric social network and HIV status of men who have sex with men (MSM) among young students.@*Results@#The sample included 547 participants who nominated 1 088 social partners in total with average age of 13 to 60 years old. The MSM with different sexual orientation from their social members (aOR=0.38), embedded in a large network (aOR=0.63), with a high individual betweenness centrality (aOR=0.27) were at lower risk of HIV-positive status; while MSM who differed greatly in education level with their social members(aOR=1.60), existed in sexual networks(aOR=1.41), existed in the “risky networks” (aOR=1.88) , with high network density (aOR=1.91) and a high individual degree (aOR=4.10) had higher risk of HIV-positive status(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#MSM with great difference in education level from social members, existed in sexual networks, with a large network density and a high degree were exposed to higher risk of HIV-positive status.
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Objective@#To understand the characteristics of KAP (knowledge, attitude and practice) related to the prevention of AIDS among young male MSM (man sex with man) in China, and to evaluate the comprehensive ability of AIDS prevention and associated factors to provide a scientific basis for the development of MSM AIDS prevention and control.@*Methods@#From November to December 2019, sampling was recruited by using snowball sampling methods centered on Beijing and Tianjin. A cross-sectional survey of 222 young students MSM was conducted through an online questionnaire with information of general demographic characteristics, sexual behavior and HIV testing, psychological status and comprehensive ability to prevent AIDS.@*Results@#Average score on comprehensive AIDS prevention knowledge was (87.64±6.41),with knowledge,attitude,and behavior score of (11.32±1.67)(54.87±3.36) and (52.18±4.30) respectively.The pass rate of knowledge, attitude, practice related to AIDS prevention were respectively 95.5%, 56.3%, and 27.0%. The separation rate of knowledge from belief was 42.8%, the separation rate of knowledge from behavior was 71.2%, and the separation rate of faith from information was 48.2%. Whether have received AIDS prevention education was related to knowledge qualification rate (P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#Current AIDS education is associated with the knowledge level of AIDS prevention among young MSM groups, but it is not enough to improve their attitudes and behaviors. The comprehensive ability of MSM in preventing AIDS among young students is still not optimistic. Intervention measures need to be further strengthened to improve the comprehensive ability of young students MSM group to prevent AIDS.
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Objective To obsevre the clinical efficacy of acupuncture at bilateral sphenopalatine ganglions in treating allergic rhinitis. Methods Patients with allergic rhinitis were selected, and then were randomly divided into bilateral group, unilateral group, and control group, with 35 cases in each group. By the end of the study, 5 cases of bilateral group, 3 cases of unilateral group, and 2 cases of control group were removed. The bilateral sphenopalatine ganglions were acupunctured simultaneously in bilateral group, and the unilateral sphenopalatine ganglion was treated by acupuncture in unilateral group, once a week, for 4 weeks. The control group received routine acupuncture on Yingxiang (LI20), Bitong (EX-HN8), Yintang (EX-HN3), and Hegu (LI4), twice a week, for 4 weeks. Rhinitis symptom scale and life quality of nasal conjunctival scale score before and after treatment in the three groups were observed. The clinical efficacy was evaluated and the adverse reactions were recorded. Results The total effective rates of bilateral group, unilateral group and control group were 93.33% (28/30), 90.63% (29/32) and 72.73% (24/33), respectively, and the bilateral group and unilateral group were better than the control group (χ2=19.507, P=0.001), without statistical significance between bilateral group and unilateral group (P>0.05). Rhinitis symptoms and life quality were improved in the three groups (P0.05). Only 1 case of subcutaneous hematoma showed in unilateral group. Conclusion Acupuncture at sphenopalatine ganglions has confirmed efficacy, and there is no difference in the efficacy between acupuncture on bilateral sphenopalatine ganglions and unilateral sphenopalatine ganglion.
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Objective To observe the effect of oxygen treatment plus non-invasive positive pressure ventilation on the stabillzation of chronic obstractive pulmonary disease and the influence on exercise tolerance.Methods The blood gas anylisis of and the result of 6 min walk test were observed and compared with self-control method.Results There was significant difference between the beginning and termination of the treatment in 10 patients haying finished the treatment and the results of 6 min walk test(P＜0.05).Conclusion The oxygen treatment plus non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in the stabilization of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is safe and effective.